April 2026

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Punmu

“Punmu, I went there when I was a young girl, a teenager with my mother and father before my mother passed. Big mob of people was there. No building, just little cubby houses [bough shelters]. Long time I been there. 

These here are the waterholes around Punmu; Rawa spring- Rawa means ‘long time’, Tuu-tuu, Jila-jila, Wirlarra and Yilyara. That is my ngurra (home Country, camp). We grew up in Punmu around all these water holes. I still live here with my grandkids, [we share the] same stories for all these places.” 

 – Marianne Burton

 

Punmu refers to a region and an Aboriginal community within its vicinity, located 670km North-East of Newman. Created during the return to Country movement of the 1980s, with the recognition of Martu land rights and native title, the community was named after a nearby Jukurrpa (Dreaming) story. As described by Marianne, Punmu is her ngurra; she grew up in this region with her parents. 

Punmu community sits on the edge of a large salt lake known as Nyayartakujarra, or Lake Dora. The lake runs south into Karlamilyi River (Rudall River). Surrounding Punmu are numerous fresh water soaks and the red tali (sandhills) typical of the area. The most frequently visited yinta (permanent springs) around Punmu include Wirlarra, Rawa, Yilyara, Jila-jila and Tuu-tuu.

The Country around Punmu features in several Jukurrpa stories. Of particular importance is the story of the Jila Kujarra (Two Snakes), one of the key Jukurrpa narratives for the Martu. Though the story belongs to Warnman people, it is shared across the Western Desert with several other language groups. The narrative centres on the travels of two snakes as they are pursued by the Niminjarra, spiritual ancestors of the Warnman people. 

Before transforming themselves into snakes, the Jila Kujarra were young brothers. As snakes, they began travelling home to their mother, but were intercepted by the Niminjarra, who tracked the Jila Kujarra to Paji, east of Nyayartakujarra (Lake Dora). Though the Jila Kujarra eluded their pursuers here by escaping under the lake at Paji, they were soon after speared and injured by two Pukurti (initiates with bundled hair) at Nyayartakujarra, who returned with the Niminjarra to cook the snakes at the site of Kumpupirntily (Kumpupintily, Lake Disappointment). As the Niminjarra cut down the length of the Jila Kujarra, the snake’s bladders were pierced, causing an explosion of scalding hot urine in which the Niminjarra all perished and became black rocks at the site. The spirits of the Jila Kujarra returned to their mother at Nyayartakujarra, where the mother and her sons entered the ground below Nyayartakujarra and remain to this day.

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Yiranang

“Yiranang claypan, near [Canning Stock Route] Well 24. It’s a [seed] grinding place. You know that kalaru (samphire, salt bush)? Green one, it grows in the Kaalpa (Kalypa, Canning Stock Route Well 23) area. He grows there, I’ll show you. You make a damper from him. But no kalaru there in Yiranang.

All the bushes there, wintamarra (mulga tree), and tuwa (sandhills). I was walking there as a young girl. No man, single woman. All the women were there; me, Kumpaya [Girgirba], Jakayu [Biljabu], Bugai [Whyoulter], my mother. We would walk there.”

– Ngamaru Bidu

 

Yiranang is a large claypan located just north of Kartarru (Canning Stock Route Well 24). Forming part of Ngamaru’s ngurra (home Country, camp), Yiranang was one of the sites Ngamaru knew intimately and travelled extensively with her family and other family groups, such as the Girgirba, Biljabu and Whyoulter families. Linyji (claypans) like Yiranang were typically visited more often during the wantajarra (wet season) as they filled with water. 

Ngamaru also recalls Yiranang as a ‘grinding place’; here the black kalaru seeds collected from nearby Kaalpa were first washed several times before being ground with jiwa (stones used by women for grinding seeds) to make a type of flour, which was then mixed with water to create a dough that was finally cooked in the ashes of a fire. Kalaru seeds were seasonally harvested in the yalijarra (hot dry months).

During the pujiman (traditional, desert dwelling) period Martu would traverse very large distances annually, moving seasonally from water source to water source, and hunting and gathering bush tucker as they went. Knowledge of water sources was critical for survival, and today Martu Country is still defined in terms of the location and type of water. Each of the hundreds of claypans, rockholes, waterholes, soaks and springs found in the Martu desert homelands is known by name, location, quality and seasonal availability through real life experience and the recounting of Jukurrpa (Dreaming) narratives.

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Rollah Outstation

“This one’s a little block where I grew up, near Bidyadanga. It reminds me of when I was little, we used to play in the old chicken house. Reminds me of home. That tank I always paint, that’s the water tank. The water we get from the tank, it’s all underground.

My grandmother stays out there, in that big house. My mother built that other house; we’d stay there. I still go out there now and then.

It’s like a 20-minute drive out of Bidyadanga. Sometimes when you stand on the water tank you can see the beach. There’s lots of fish, crabs, sharks. There’s a croc there now. Some people pass through to get water and keep going, but just my family stay there.”

– Ciarn Dean-Bullen

Bidyadanga is a community located on the Kimberley coast in Western Australia, where the Great Sandy Desert meets the sea. The word Bidyadanga is derived from pijarta/ bidyada (emu watering hole).

Bidyadanga is Ciarn’s Country – her ‘ngurra’ (home Country, camp). People identify with their ngurra in terms of specific rights and responsibilities, and the possession of intimate knowledge of the physical and cultural properties of one’s Country. Painting ngurra, and in so doing sharing the Jukurrpa (Dreaming) stories and physical characteristics of that place, has today become an important means of cultural maintenance. Common motifs depicted in her work relate specifically to her heritage of both saltwater country and desert, including marine animals, depictions of water, as well as desert landscapes.

Ciarn is family to fellow Martumili Artists Muuki Taylor OAM and Zia Dean-Bullen. Younger Martu artists often start painting alongside their parents, grandparents, and extended family, which fosters an organic learning process. This not only involves mastering painting techniques but also understanding specific locations, family histories, traditional ways of life, bush tucker, and Jukurrpa (Dreaming). Over time, with encouragement from their peers, they develop their own distinct styles and explore unique painting techniques and subject matter. In this work the artist brings a contemporary, evolving perspective to their work.

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Reef

Martumili Artists work with over three hundred artists from remote Martu Aboriginal communities, including Punmu, Parnngurr, Kunawarritji, Jigalong, Irrungadji (Nullagine), and Warralong, as well as from the Parnpajinya (Newman) gallery and studio spaces. Known for their diverse, energetic, and unmediated painting styles, their works reflect the dramatic geography and scale of their homelands. Each artist, however, brings a unique approach to their craft.

Younger Martu artists often start painting alongside their parents, grandparents, and extended family, which fosters an organic learning process. This not only involves mastering painting techniques but also understanding specific locations, family histories, traditional ways of life, bush tucker, and Jukurrpa (Dreaming). Over time, with encouragement from their peers, they develop their own distinct styles and explore unique painting techniques and subject matter. In this work the artist brings a contemporary, evolving perspective to their work.

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Reef

Martumili Artists work with over three hundred artists from remote Martu Aboriginal communities, including Punmu, Parnngurr, Kunawarritji, Jigalong, Irrungadji (Nullagine), and Warralong, as well as from the Parnpajinya (Newman) gallery and studio spaces. Known for their diverse, energetic, and unmediated painting styles, their works reflect the dramatic geography and scale of their homelands. Each artist, however, brings a unique approach to their craft.

Younger Martu artists often start painting alongside their parents, grandparents, and extended family, which fosters an organic learning process. This not only involves mastering painting techniques but also understanding specific locations, family histories, traditional ways of life, bush tucker, and Jukurrpa (Dreaming). Over time, with encouragement from their peers, they develop their own distinct styles and explore unique painting techniques and subject matter. In this work the artist brings a contemporary, evolving perspective to their work.

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Sunset

This work portrays an area known to the artist, painted here from memory. During the pujiman (traditional, desert dwelling) era one’s survival depended on their intimate knowledge of the location of resources; thus physical elements of Country, such as sources of kapi (water), tali (sandhills), and different varieties of warta (trees, vegetation) were carefully observed and remembered. Today, this relationship with Country remains equally strong, despite the movement of Martu out of the desert and into remote Aboriginal communities, towns and cities.

Also visible may be traces of life cycles based around kalyu (rain, water) and waru (fire). A thousands of year old practice, fire burning continues to be carried out as both an aid for hunting and a means of land management today. As the Martu travelled and hunted they would burn tracts of land, ensuring plant and animal biodiversity and reducing the risk of unmanageable, spontaneous bush fires. The patchwork nature of regrowth is visible in many landscape works, with each of the five distinctive phases of fire burning visually described with respect to the cycle of burning and regrowth.  

Finally, metaphysical information relating to a location may also be recorded; Jukurrpa (Dreaming) narratives chronicle the creation of physical landmarks, and can be referenced through depictions of ceremonial sites, songlines, and markers left in the land. 

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Rollah

“This one’s a little block where I grew up, near Bidyadanga. It reminds me of when I was little, we used to play in the old chicken house. Reminds me of home. That tank I always paint, that’s the water tank. The water we get from the tank, it’s all underground.

My grandmother stays out there, in that big house. My mother built that other house; we’d stay there. I still go out there now and then.

It’s like a 20-minute drive out of Bidyadanga. Sometimes when you stand on the water tank you can see the beach. There’s lots of fish, crabs, sharks. There’s a croc there now. Some people pass through to get water and keep going, but just my family stay there.”

– Ciarn Dean-Bullen

Bidyadanga is a community located on the Kimberley coast in Western Australia, where the Great Sandy Desert meets the sea. The word Bidyadanga is derived from pijarta/ bidyada (emu watering hole).

Bidyadanga is Ciarn’s Country – her ‘ngurra’ (home Country, camp). People identify with their ngurra in terms of specific rights and responsibilities, and the possession of intimate knowledge of the physical and cultural properties of one’s Country. Painting ngurra, and in so doing sharing the Jukurrpa (Dreaming) stories and physical characteristics of that place, has today become an important means of cultural maintenance. Common motifs depicted in her work relate specifically to her heritage of both saltwater country and desert, including marine animals, depictions of water, as well as desert landscapes.

Ciarn is family to fellow Martumili Artists Muuki Taylor OAM and Zia Dean-Bullen. Younger Martu artists often start painting alongside their parents, grandparents, and extended family, which fosters an organic learning process. This not only involves mastering painting techniques but also understanding specific locations, family histories, traditional ways of life, bush tucker, and Jukurrpa (Dreaming). Over time, with encouragement from their peers, they develop their own distinct styles and explore unique painting techniques and subject matter. In this work the artist brings a contemporary, evolving perspective to their work.

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Rollah

“This one’s a little block where I grew up, near Bidyadanga. It reminds me of when I was little, we used to play in the old chicken house. Reminds me of home. That tank I always paint, that’s the water tank. The water we get from the tank, it’s all underground.

My grandmother stays out there, in that big house. My mother built that other house; we’d stay there. I still go out there now and then.

It’s like a 20-minute drive out of Bidyadanga. Sometimes when you stand on the water tank you can see the beach. There’s lots of fish, crabs, sharks. There’s a croc there now. Some people pass through to get water and keep going, but just my family stay there.”

– Ciarn Dean-Bullen

Bidyadanga is a community located on the Kimberley coast in Western Australia, where the Great Sandy Desert meets the sea. The word Bidyadanga is derived from pijarta/ bidyada (emu watering hole).

Bidyadanga is Ciarn’s Country – her ‘ngurra’ (home Country, camp). People identify with their ngurra in terms of specific rights and responsibilities, and the possession of intimate knowledge of the physical and cultural properties of one’s Country. Painting ngurra, and in so doing sharing the Jukurrpa (Dreaming) stories and physical characteristics of that place, has today become an important means of cultural maintenance. Common motifs depicted in her work relate specifically to her heritage of both saltwater country and desert, including marine animals, depictions of water, as well as desert landscapes.

Ciarn is family to fellow Martumili Artists Muuki Taylor OAM and Zia Dean-Bullen. Younger Martu artists often start painting alongside their parents, grandparents, and extended family, which fosters an organic learning process. This not only involves mastering painting techniques but also understanding specific locations, family histories, traditional ways of life, bush tucker, and Jukurrpa (Dreaming). Over time, with encouragement from their peers, they develop their own distinct styles and explore unique painting techniques and subject matter. In this work the artist brings a contemporary, evolving perspective to their work.

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Water Flow

“When I paint with these colours and in this style, it reminds me of when I was back in Bidgydanga, watching the water and currents flow.”

– Ciarn Dean-Bullen

 

“When Martu paint, it’s like a map. Martu draw story on the ground and on the canvas, and all the circle and line there are the hunting areas and different waters and tracks where people used to walk, and [some you] can’t cross, like boundaries. So nowadays you see a colourful painting and wonder what it is, but that’s how Martu tell story long ago. It’s not just a lovely painting, it’s a story and a songline and a history and everything that goes with it.” 

– Ngalangka Nola Taylor and Joshua Booth

This work portrays an area of Country that can be interpreted in multiple ways. Firstly, the image may be read as an aerial representation of a particular location known to the artist- either land that they or their family travelled, from the pujiman (traditional, desert dwelling) era to now. During the pujiman period, Martu would traverse very large distances annually in small family groups, moving seasonally from water source to water source, and hunting and gathering bush tucker as they went. At this time, one’s survival depended on their intimate knowledge of the location of resources; thus physical elements of Country, such as sources of kapi (water), tali (sandhills), different varieties of warta (trees, vegetation), ngarrini (camps), and jina (tracks) are typically recorded with the use of a use of a system of iconographic forms universally shared across the desert. 

An additional layer of meaning in the work relates to more intangible concepts; life cycles based around kalyu (rain, water) and waru (fire) are also often evident. A thousands of year old practice, fire burning continues to be carried out as both an aid for hunting and a means of land management today. As the Martu travelled and hunted they would burn tracts of land, ensuring plant and animal biodiversity and reducing the risk of unmanageable, spontaneous bush fires. The patchwork nature of regrowth is evident in many landscape works, with each of the five distinctive phases of fire burning visually described with respect to the cycle of burning and regrowth.  

Finally, metaphysical information relating to a location may also be recorded; Jukurrpa (Dreaming) narratives chronicle the creation of physical landmarks, and can be referenced through depictions of ceremonial sites, songlines, and markers left in the land. Very often, however, information relating to Jukurrpa is censored by omission, or alternatively painted over with dotted patterns.

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Rollah Water Tank

“This one’s a little block where I grew up, near Bidyadanga. It reminds me of when I was little, we used to play in the old chicken house. Reminds me of home. That tank I always paint, that’s the water tank. The water we get from the tank, it’s all underground.

My grandmother stays out there, in that big house. My mother built that other house; we’d stay there. I still go out there now and then.

It’s like a 20-minute drive out of Bidyadanga. Sometimes when you stand on the water tank you can see the beach. There’s lots of fish, crabs, sharks. There’s a croc there now. Some people pass through to get water and keep going, but just my family stay there.”

– Ciarn Dean-Bullen

Bidyadanga is a community located on the Kimberley coast in Western Australia, where the Great Sandy Desert meets the sea. The word Bidyadanga is derived from pijarta/ bidyada (emu watering hole).

Bidyadanga is Ciarn’s Country – her ‘ngurra’ (home Country, camp). People identify with their ngurra in terms of specific rights and responsibilities, and the possession of intimate knowledge of the physical and cultural properties of one’s Country. Painting ngurra, and in so doing sharing the Jukurrpa (Dreaming) stories and physical characteristics of that place, has today become an important means of cultural maintenance. Common motifs depicted in her work relate specifically to her heritage of both saltwater country and desert, including marine animals, depictions of water, as well as desert landscapes.

Ciarn is family to fellow Martumili Artists Muuki Taylor OAM and Zia Dean-Bullen. Younger Martu artists often start painting alongside their parents, grandparents, and extended family, which fosters an organic learning process. This not only involves mastering painting techniques but also understanding specific locations, family histories, traditional ways of life, bush tucker, and Jukurrpa (Dreaming). Over time, with encouragement from their peers, they develop their own distinct styles and explore unique painting techniques and subject matter. In this work the artist brings a contemporary, evolving perspective to their work.