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Argula (ghost spirit)

The name Argula describes a number of ghost-like spirits. Some of them are Jilinya who are seductive Jindiwan (men) and Ngindiwan (women) who steal women, men and babies. There are also some big ‘hairy men’ who live underground, Rye who are little ‘cheeky men’ who can help or punish you and devils. Other examples of Argula include the spirit of deceased people who are making a journey back to their homeland, usually an Ungud waterhole where the person’s birth spirit was formed. A deceased person immediately becomes Argula and begins his journey. In the Kimberley there is a set journey that all Argula spirits make. This journey takes the spirit inland towards Halls Creek, roughly following the course of the Fitzroy River. The spirit then travels through Gidja country before finally traveling to his spiritual birth place in the Wandjina homelands of the Ngarinyin, Worrorra and Wunambul people. The Argula spirits have a devil-like appearance but are usually harmless if left alone. The Wandjina spirits are highly respected by the Worrora, Ngarinyin and Wunumbul people who live at Mowanjum and along the Gibb River Road to Kalumburru in the North West Kimberley region of Western Australia. Wandjina represents the laws of everything the surrounds us trees, rivers, rocks, bush fruit and animals, all creation. The Wandjinas give the law on how we have to treat and use these creations. These customs are carried on today.

Name: Sandra Mungulu


Language: Worrora, Wunambal


Community: Mowanjum


Biography:

Sandra Mungulu is a local Mowanjum artist who has a secured an international reputation. Her work is held in numerous private collections. 

Calder & Charnley Wandinjinas (2009) was selected for the sharing difference on common ground exhibition, showcasing the work of Kimberley Indigenous artists at the Holmes a Court Gallery in Perth, during October 2009. The project was the brainchild of the KAA collective of Kimberley Art Centres and the exhibition was accompanied by a publication featuring writers such as Judith Ryan and Darren Jorgensen. The exhibition is now touring nationally through Art on the Move.

Sandra started painting in the late 1990’s when she was in her late twenties. She was inspired when, “visiting my late father–in-law David Mowaljarlai. He told us stories of his artworks which he was doing at home.” David was brought up in the missionary settlement at Kunmunya, where Aboriginal culture was accepted and ceremonial practices allowed. People went bush during the wet season and were allowed to take their children with them to fish and hunt and learn their culture’s stories.

As with other artist at Mowanjum, having a place to paint gave old people a chance to talk about the meaning of the Wandjina and transfer their culture to the younger generation. Sandra was one of “the younger generation”. She leant how to paint wandjinas and gyorns gyorns through this process and says that she likes the stories she paints, “learning how to describe the stories on canvas as I paint the pictures”.

Sandra belongs to the Mungulu destiny of painters which include “my mother Gudu and sisters Marjorie, Margaret, Mildred, Robyn and myself. My daughters Carmen and Deidre were painting too and my son used to work with pearl shells”.

Sandra likes working in acrylics and now she is painting in ochre “which is alright once you know how to mix the ochre with binder. When I started painting I used paper, canvas, then bark.”

The significance of the original representations in the cave paintings is reflected again and again in Sandra’s contemporary practice. She views it as “being the passing on of beliefs and messages from our ancestors. I believe the Wandjina was like God because our people didn’t know about god until they came to the caves. The Wandjina painting is like following the ten commandments and floods, like in the bible.”

Sandra was born at Derby Hospital and went to school in Derby where she completed three years in high school and then she completed her fourth year in Perth. She has four children, two girls and two boys. “Carmen is the oldest, Aaron then Deidre and Raymond, the youngest. I have nine grandchildren now. The girls used to paint and Aaron used to work on pearl shell”.

 

 

Group Exhibitions:

 

2009       Sharing Difference on Common Ground – Holmes a Court Gallery & touring nationally

2009       Mowanjum Festival – Mowanjum Art and Culture Centre, Derby

2009       Kimberley Art Prize – Derby Western Australia

2008       Shinju Matsuri Wandjina Budda Budding – Broome 6 Gallery

2008       Mowanjum Festival – Mowanjum Art and Culture Centre                       

2008       Kimberley Art Prize -  Derby W.A

2008    Cultural Connections - Artitja Art Gallery Perth

2008    Spirit of the Wandjina - Shinju Matsuri Exhibition Broome 6 Gallery

2007    Mowanjum Festival - Mowanjum Art and Culture Centre, Derby

2007    Arralululai - Broome 6 Gallery

2007    Mowanjum Exhibition - Woodford Dreaming Festival, QLD

2006    Spirit of the Wandjina - Governor Stirling Tower, Perth

2006    Power of the Wandjina - Macquarie University Sydney

2005    Spirit of the Wandjina - Broome 6 Gallery

2005    Keeping the Wandjinas Fresh - Exhibition and book launch - Alexander Library Perth

2005    Mowanjum Festival

2005    Mowanjum Exhibition - Festival of the Dreaming Woodford, QLD

2004    Mowanjum Exhibition - Sydney Dreaming Festival

2004    Mowanjum Festival

2003    Mowanjum Festival

2003    Spirit of the Wandjina - Harvey Bay QLD 

2002    Visions from the Cave - Sun Picture Theatre, Broome

2002    Mowanjum Festival

2001    Recent Works - Melbourne Spirit of the Wandjina Gallery

2001    Mowanjum Festival

2000    The Art of the Wandjina -  Sydney Olympics Exhibition, NSW

2000    Spirit of the Wandjina - Compass Travel Postonja Slovenia

2000    Mowanjum Festival

2000    Spirit of the Wandjina Exhibition - Melbourne

1999    5th Telstra Art Award - Museum and Art Gallery of the NT- Darwin

1999    Power of the Wandjina  - Telstra National Headquarters - Melbourne

1999    Recent Works - Spirit of the Wandjina Gallery, Melbourne

1999    Power of the Wandjina  - Governor Stirling Tower, Perth

1999    Spirit of the Wandjina Exhibition - Governor Place, Sydney

1999    Mowanjum Festival

1998    Spirit of the Wandjina -Telstra National Headquarters, Melbourne

1998    Mowanjum Festival

1998    Mowanjum Wandjina Art – Matzo’s Broome

1998    Spirit of the Wandjina  –Grosvenor Place, Sydney

1997    Mowanjum Festival

 

Collections

Numerous private collections

Wallungunder Lai Lai, sold for $21,000 to private collector in Los Angeles

 

Publications

Sotheby’s Catalogue November 2007, Collaborative work by Mowanjum Artists including Sandra Mungulu  $35,000 sold to Los Angeles Museum

 

 

 

 

 


© the artist / art centre