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Waru (fire)
This work depicts the practice of fire burning as it continues to be used today through the Martu homelands. Over thousands of years, as Martu travelled and hunted on foot they would burn tracts of land, using waru (fire) as a means to assist with hunting and to encourage regenerative growth. Whilst fire burning practices have modernised in recent times, with Martu burning areas close to Aboriginal communities and along roads, or else further afield using helicopters and 4WDs with Indigenous ranger group Karnyirninpa Jukurrpa (KJ), the same objectives are met as those during pujiman (traditional, desert dwelling) times.
Targeted waru is an important tool in animal tracking. Small burns are lit to clear vegetation, expose burrows, and to allow for access to walk and track readily in exposed sands. Fires are typically burnt during cooler weather in small, controlled areas, reducing the risk of unmanageable, spontaneous bush fires whilst simultaneously providing diverse regenerating habitats. Remaining is a defined mosaic fire scar pattern in the land, across tali (sand dunes), linyji (clay pans), parulyukurru (spinifex country) and pila (sandy plains). This patterning is clearly visible from an aerial perspective, and becomes even more defined as new growth emerges.
The patchwork nature of regrowth is aligned with the Martu cycle of burning and regrowth and its five distinct phases. First is nyurnma (freshly burnt Country), followed after the rains by waru-waru, when young, bright green plants start to grow. Nyukura occurs between one and three years after burning, when plants have matured and are fruiting and seeding. Manguu is four to six years post burning, when spinifex has matured to the point that it can be burned once again. Finally, kunarka signifies the time when spinifex and other plant species have become old growth, and pose a risk of destructive bushfires.
This artwork was created during the Waru (fire) camp of 2021, held collaboratively by Martumili Artists and Kanyirninpa Jukurrpa.
Martu have harnessed the power of waru in various forms as an integral cultural and functional practice for thousands of years. A tool for hunting, signalling and land management- knowledge of waru has been passed down through generations, and is still used for all these things today.
Focused around a bush camp held in 2021, Martumili Artists and KJ rangers have collaborated on a body of creative and cultural works that explore and demonstrate the importance of waru for Martu- with programmed activities directly contributing to the continuing intergenerational transfer of Traditional and Ecological Knowledge (TEK), and with an exhibition showcasing the ongoing work of Martu in caring for ngurra (Country).
The Waru exhibition is the first part in a collaborative series of Martu-led workshops, camps and exhibits delivered by Martumili and KJ that foster opportunities for Martu led intergenerational learning, and showcase the ways in which both ranger and artistic work is embedded in maintaining Warrarnku Ninti (knowledge of Country).
