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Untitled

“When Martu paint, it’s like a map. Martu draw story on the ground and on the canvas, and all the circle and line there are the hunting areas and different waters and tracks where people used to walk, and [some you] can’t cross, like boundaries. So nowadays you see a colourful painting and wonder what it is, but that’s how Martu tell story long ago. It’s not just a lovely painting, it’s a story and a songline and a history and everything that goes with it.” 

– Ngalangka Nola Taylor and Joshua Booth

This work portrays an area of Country that can be interpreted in multiple ways. Firstly, the image may be read as an aerial representation of a particular location known to the artist- either land that they or their family travelled, from the pujiman (traditional, desert dwelling) era to now. During the pujiman period, Martu would traverse very large distances annually in small family groups, moving seasonally from water source to water source, and hunting and gathering bush tucker as they went. At this time, one’s survival depended on their intimate knowledge of the location of resources; thus physical elements of Country, such as sources of kapi (water), tali (sandhills), different varieties of warta (trees, vegetation), ngarrini (camps), and jina (tracks) are typically recorded with the use of a use of a system of iconographic forms universally shared across the desert. 

An additional layer of meaning in the work relates to more intangible concepts; life cycles based around kalyu (rain, water) and waru (fire) are also often evident. A thousands of year old practice, fire burning continues to be carried out as both an aid for hunting and a means of land management today. As the Martu travelled and hunted they would burn tracts of land, ensuring plant and animal biodiversity and reducing the risk of unmanageable, spontaneous bush fires. The patchwork nature of regrowth is evident in many landscape works, with each of the five distinctive phases of fire burning visually described with respect to the cycle of burning and regrowth.  

Finally, metaphysical information relating to a location may also be recorded; Jukurrpa (Dreaming) narratives chronicle the creation of physical landmarks, and can be referenced through depictions of ceremonial sites, songlines, and markers left in the land. Very often, however, information relating to Jukurrpa is censored by omission, or alternatively painted over with dotted patterns.

Name: Rita Muni Simpson


Language: Manyjilyjarra


Community: Punmu


Biography:

Muni was a Manyjilyjarra woman born in the early 1940s at Junpunkunuja, a soak located within the Percival Lakes region of the Great Sandy Desert. Muni’s mother was Mangala and her father was Manyjilyjarra. She grew up with her sisters, Jugarda Dulcie Gibbs and Mantararr (Muntararr) Rosie Williams. In Muni’s youth her family lived a pujiman (traditional, desert dwelling) lifestyle, travelling through their ngurra (home Country, camp), the Country extending between the Percival Lakes and Kunawarritji (Canning Stock Route Well 33) regions. 

A severe and prolonged drought from the 1950s made it difficult to continue living in the desert, prompting her family to move further south to the Karlamilyi (Rudall River) region. During that time, Muni's family met up with other Martu who informed them that their extended family members were living at Jigalong Mission. Following the death of Muni’s father in 1957, the family decided to join their relatives at the mission. 

Later Muni and her sister Mantararr married two brothers. Together they worked at various stations in the Pilbara; around Cue, Meekatharra, Mullewa and Mt Magnet. Muni and Mantararr left the stations to mine for minerals with a yandy (winnowing dish) around Marble Bar and Bamboo Springs. At various times the sisters and their families lived at Jigalong, Strelley and Camp 61, a community which has since disbanded. During the 1980s ‘Return to Country’ movement all three sisters relocated to Punmu Aboriginal community. Muni continued to live in Punmu with her children and grandchildren until her death in 2008. 

Muni was among the first Martu women to begin painting on canvas. A prolific artist, she often painted large collaborative works with her sisters. Her work has been exhibited widely across Australia, and acquired by the National Gallery of Victoria and the National Museum of Australia.


© the artist / art centre